Three Great Indians

Shaheed Udham Singh ( Ram Mahomadd Singh Azad )

Question Prepared  by :-  Daya Krishan

Class 9th English

Lesson 6:-  Three Great Indians

Question 1.
What is the name given to the national uprising of 1857 ?
(1857 के राष्ट्रीय विद्रोह को क्या नाम दिया गया है ?)
Answer:
It is called the First War of Independence.
इसे स्वतन्त्रता की पहली लड़ाई कहा जाता है।

Question 2.
When and where was Laxmi Bai born ?
(लक्ष्मीबाई का जन्म कब और कहां हुआ ?)

Answer:
She was born on 16 November, 1834 in Varanasi.
उसका जन्म 16 नवम्बर, 1834 को वाराणसी में हुआ था।

Question 3.

What was her childhood name ?

(उसका बचपन का नाम क्या था ?)

Answer:

Manikarnika or Manu. (मणिकर्णिका या मनु।)

Question 4.

Who was she married to ?

(उसका विवाह किस से हुआ ?)

Answer:

She was married to Raja Gangadhar Rao.

उसका विवाह राजा गंगाधर राव से हुआ।

Question 5.

What happened to her son and husband ?

(उसके पुत्र तथा पति को क्या हुआ ?)

Answer:

Both of them had died by 1853.

सन् 1853 तक उन दोनों की मृत्यु हो गई थी।

Question 6.

Where did she join her forces with Tantya Tope ?

(तात्या टोपे के साथ उसकी सेनाएँ कहां शामिल हुईं ?)

Answer:

At Kalpi.

(कल्पी में।)

Question 7.

When and where was Udham Singh born?

(

Answer:
He was born in 26 December 1899 in Sunam ( Punjab).

Question 8.

What was the turning point in Udham Singh's life?

Answer:

Hundreds were killed and thousands were injured in Jalliawala Bagh massacre where Udham Singh was serving water. This was a turning point in his life.

ਜਲ੍ਹਿਆਂਵਾਲਾ ਬਾਗ ਕਤਲੇਆਮ ਵਿੱਚ ਸੈਂਕੜੇ ਮਾਰੇ ਗਏ ਅਤੇ ਹਜ਼ਾਰਾਂ ਜ਼ਖਮੀ ਹੋਏ ਜਿੱਥੇ ਊਧਮ ਸਿੰਘ ਪਾਣੀ ਦੀ ਸੇਵਾ ਕਰ ਰਿਹਾ ਸੀ। ਇਹ ਉਸਦੀ ਜ਼ਿੰਦਗੀ ਵਿੱਚ ਇੱਕ ਮੋੜ ਸੀ।

Question 9.

How did he take his revenge ?

(उसने अपना बदला कैसे लिया ?)

Answer:

He waited for 21 years. Then he went to England. There he shot General O’Dwyer dead in full view of a large gathering.

उसने 21 वर्ष तक प्रतीक्षा की। फिर वह इंग्लैंड गया। वहां उसने लोगों की एक भारी भीड़ के बिल्कुल सामने जनरल ओ’डायर को गोली मार कर मार दिया।

Write a short note on the each of the following:

Question 1.

Write a short note on the death of Rani Jhansi.

(रानी झांसी की मृत्यु पर एक संक्षिप्त नोट लिखिए।)

Answer:

The British forces had laid a siege on Jhansi. The Rani of Jhansi continued to fight from inside the fort. But, at last; she was forced to leave Jhansi. The British forces pursued her. She was defeated and surrounded from all sides. She was badly wounded. She died on the battlefield. It was 18 June 1858 when she died.

अंग्रेजी सेनाओं ने झांसी पर घेरा डाल रखा था। झांसी की रानी किले के अन्दर से लड़ती रही। किन्तु अन्त में वह झांसी छोड़ने को मजबूर हो गई। अंग्रेजी सेनाओं ने उसका पीछा किया। वह हार चुकी थी और चारों तरफ से घिरी हुई थी। वह बुरी तरह से घायल हो गई। वह युद्ध-क्षेत्र में मारी गई। यह 18 जून 1858 था जब उसकी मृत्यु हुई।

Question 2.

Write a short note on the Jallianwala Bagh massacre.

(जलियांवाला बाग़ के नरसंहार पर एक संक्षिप्त नोट लिखिए।)

Answer:

It was the day of Baisakhi in 1919. A large number of people had gathered in Jallianwala Bagh. They were holding a peaceful meeting. The British General O’Dwyer ordered firing on them. Thousands of men, women and children were killed. Many jumped into a well to escape. They were suffocated to death. 1919

में बैसाखी का दिन था। भारी संख्या में लोग जलियांवाला बाग में एकत्रित हो रखे थे। वे एक शान्तिपूर्ण सभा कर रहे थे। अंग्रेज़ी जनरल ओ’डायर ने उन पर गोली चलाने का आदेश दे दिया। हज़ारों पुरुष, स्त्रियां तथा बच्चे मारे गए। बच पाने के लिए अनेकों ने एक कुएं में छलांग लगा दी। उनकी दम घुटने से मृत्यु हो गई।

Question 3.
Write a short note on the First War of Independence.
(स्वतन्त्रता के प्रथम संग्राम पर एक संक्षिप्त नोट लिखिए।)
Answer:
The First War of Independence was fought in 1857. The rulers of many Indian states rose up against the British. Tantya Tope and Laxmi Bai were the two most famous of them. Laxmi Bai was the Rani of Jhansi. The British forces had laid a siege on Jhansi. She was forced to leave Jhansi. The British forces surrounded her from all sides. She died on the battlefield. The other rulers were also defeated one by one. Thus, the First War of Independence was lost.

स्वतन्त्रता की पहली लड़ाई 1857 में लड़ी गई। अनेक भारतीय राज्यों के शासक अंग्रेजों के विरुद्ध खड़े हो गए। उनमें दो सबसे अधिक प्रसिद्ध थे – तात्या टोपे और लक्ष्मी बाई। लक्ष्मी बाई झांसी की रानी थी। अंग्रेजी सेनाओं ने झांसी को घेर रखा था। उसे झांसी छोड़ने पर मजबूर होना पड़ा। अंग्रेजी सेनाओं ने उसे सभी तरफ से घेर लिया। उसकी युद्ध-क्षेत्र में मृत्यु हो गई। अन्य शासक भी एक-एक करके हार गए। इस प्रकार स्वतन्त्रता का पहला संग्राम हारा गया।

Question 4.

Write a short note on the teachings of Sri Satguru Ram Singh Ji.

(श्री सतगुरू रामसिंह जी के उपदेशों पर एक संक्षिप्त नोट लिखिए।)

Answer:

Satguru Sri Ram Singh Ji preached his followers.

1. to believe in one God.

2. to lead a simple and honest life.

3. to be free from any kind of evil.

4. to help the poor and the needy.

5. to work for the freedom of the country.

6. to live like brothers.

7. to fight against such evils as child marriage, the dowry system, cow slaughter, non-vegetarianism, casteism and religious fanaticism.

श्री सतगुरू राम सिंह जी ने अपने अनुयायियों को उपदेश दिया कि वे

1. एक ईश्वर में विश्वास रखें।

2. सादा और ईमानदारी का जीवन बिताएं।

3. सभी तरह की बुराइयों से मुक्त रहें।

4. ग़रीबों और जरूरतमंदों की मदद करें।

5. देश की स्वतन्त्रता के लिए काम करें।

6. भाइयों की भान्ति रहें।

7. बाल-विवाह, दहेज प्रथा, गाय-वध, मांसाहारी होने, फिरकापरस्ती और धार्मिक कट्टरता के विरुद्ध लड़ें।

Textual Vocabulary & Grammar

Question 1.
Match the words in box A with their opposites ( ਵਿਰੋਧੀ ਸਬਦ ) given in box B :
Answer:
1. fresh → stale
2. entrance → exit
3. loyal → disloyal
4. bravery cowardice
5. barbarous → civilized
6. punish → reward
7. benevolence → malevolence
8. virtue → vice
9. refined → crude
10. optimist → pessimist
11. mortal → immortal.

Rewrite the following sentences by using one word for the underlined part of the sentence :

1. Your television set cannot be repaired.
2. The speaker addressed the assembly of listeners.
3. Holika had a device that could not be seen.
4. ‘My Experiments with Truth’ by Mahatma Gandhi is his life-story written by himself.
5. Satan said that he had a will that could not be conquered.
6. These windowpanes are such that will not allow the passage of light.
7. Usha is quite fond of entertaining guests.
Answer:
1. Your television set is irreparable.
2. The speaker addressed the audience.
3. Holika had an invisible device.
4. “My Experiments with Truth’ by Mahatma Gandhi is his autobiography.
5. Satan said that he had an inconquerable will.
6. These windowpanes are opaque.
7. Usha is quite hospitable.

Fill in the blanks with suitable prepositions in the following sentences :

1. She was distressed at the break ……………… of her marriage.

2. The war broke …………….. at Kalpi.

3. The two countries broke …………….. their diplomatic relations.

4. We have been working since long; let us break ……………….. lunch.

5. The population growth has fallen ………………. five per cent.

6. Anju fell flat ……………….. her face …..

7. Romeo fell ………………. love with Juliet at first sight.

8. Write an essay on ‘The Rise and Fall …………….. the Mughal Empire’

9. Jhansi fell ……………….. the British.

10. He fell ……………… and wounded his leg.

Answer:

1. off 2. out 3. up 4. for 5. by 6. on 7. in 8. of 9. to 10. down.

Translation:- English to Punjabi  

. Laxmi Bai was born on 16th November, 1834.

ਲਕਸ਼ਮੀ ਬਾਈ ਦਾ ਜਨਮ 16 ਨਵੰਬਰ, 1834 ਨੂੰ ਹੋਇਆ ਸੀ।

2.The Punjabi word ‘Kuka’ stands for a ‘roar’.

2. ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਸ਼ਬਦ 'ਕੂਕਾ' ਦਾ ਅਰਥ 'ਗਰਜ' ਹੈ।

3.The followers of this movement were named Namdharis.

3. ਇਸ ਲਹਿਰ ਦੇ ਪੈਰੋਕਾਰਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਨਾਮਧਾਰੀ ਕਿਹਾ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਸੀ।

4.Rani Laxmi Bai died fighting bravely for the sake of her country.

4. ਰਾਣੀ ਲਕਸ਼ਮੀ ਬਾਈ ਆਪਣੇ ਦੇਸ਼ ਦੀ ਖ਼ਾਤਰ ਬਹਾਦਰੀ ਨਾਲ ਲੜਦੀ ਹੋਈ ਮਰ ਗਈ।

5.Her childhood name was Manikarnika or Manu

5. ਉਸਦਾ ਬਚਪਨ ਦਾ ਨਾਮ ਮਣੀਕਰਨਿਕਾ ਜਾਂ ਮਨੂ ਸੀ।

6.She breathed her last on the battlefield.

6. ਉਸਨੇ ਜੰਗ ਦੇ ਮੈਦਾਨ ਵਿੱਚ ਆਖਰੀ ਸਾਹ ਲਿਆ।

7.Thousands of men, women, children and old men died in the massacre.

7. ਕਤਲੇਆਮ ਵਿੱਚ ਹਜ਼ਾਰਾਂ ਮਰਦ, ਔਰਤਾਂ, ਬੱਚੇ ਅਤੇ ਬਜ਼ੁਰਗ ਮਾਰੇ ਗਏ।

8.Udham Singh was arrested and sentenced to death on 30 July.

8. ਊਧਮ ਸਿੰਘ ਨੂੰ ਗ੍ਰਿਫ਼ਤਾਰ ਕਰ ਲਿਆ ਗਿਆ ਅਤੇ 30 ਜੁਲਾਈ ਨੂੰ ਮੌਤ ਦੀ ਸਜ਼ਾ ਸੁਣਾਈ ਗਈ।

9.In 1937, he reached England after travelling through Europe

9. 1937 ਵਿੱਚ, ਉਹ ਯੂਰਪ ਵਿੱਚੋਂ ਲੰਘਣ ਤੋਂ ਬਾਅਦ ਇੰਗਲੈਂਡ ਪਹੁੰਚਿਆ।

10He strongly opposed child marriage.

10. ਉਸਨੇ ਬਾਲ ਵਿਆਹ ਦਾ ਸਖ਼ਤ ਵਿਰੋਧ ਕੀਤਾ।

11.Udham Singh's name is linked inseparably with Jallianwala Bagh

11. ਊਧਮ ਸਿੰਘ ਦਾ ਨਾਮ ਜਲ੍ਹਿਆਂਵਾਲਾ ਬਾਗ ਨਾਲ ਅਟੁੱਟ ਰੂਪ ਵਿੱਚ ਜੁੜਿਆ ਹੋਇਆ ਹੈ।

Also read this:- For History Concept Clearance:-

Which state was captured first under the Doctrine of Lapse in 1858?

The first state to be annexed under Doctrine of lapse was Satara (1848) followed by Jaipur and Sambalpur (1849), Bhagat (1850), Udaipur (1852), Jhansi (1853), Nagpur (1854).

Who launched the Doctrine of Lapse ?

Lord Dalhousie, Reforms, Significant Events, Doctrine of Lapse

The Doctrine of Lapse was introduced by Lord Dalhousie, who served as the Governor-General of India from 1848 to 1856. It was an annexation policy used by the British East India Company to annex Indian princely states where the ruler died without a direct male heir.  

Introduced by: Lord Dalhousie 

Role: Served as Governor-General of India from 1848 to 1856. 

Policy: Annexation of Indian states whose rulers died without a direct male heir. 

Key annexations: States like Satara, Jhansi, and Nagpur were brought under British rule under this policy. 

How many states are under the Doctrine of Lapse?

Seven major states were annexed under the Doctrine of Lapse, including Satara, Jaitpur, Sambalpur, Baghat, Udaipur, Jhansi, and Nagpur. The policy, implemented by Lord Dalhousie, annexed any state without a natural male heir. 

Satara (1848), Jaitpur and Sambalpur (1849), Baghat (1850), Udaipur (1852), Jhansi (1853), and Nagpur (1854).

Policies and reforms

Doctrine of Lapse: This annexation policy was one of his most controversial. If a ruler of a British-influenced state died without a natural male heir, the state was taken over by the British, and any adopted son was not allowed to succeed. 

Annexations: Through the Doctrine of Lapse, Dalhousie annexed several Indian states, including Satara (1848), Jaipur and Sambalpur (1849), Udaipur (1852), Jhansi (1853), and Nagpur (1854). 

Social reforms: He supported the abolition of female infanticide and human sacrifice and advocated for girls' education and the use of local languages in schools. 

Modernization and infrastructure

Railways: He laid the groundwork for modern railways by planning trunk and branch lines and ensuring the protection of property during construction.

Postal system: He established a centralized postal system with a uniform rate, replacing the old, varied methods of mail delivery.

Telegraph: He initiated the construction of an electric telegraph network.

Public works: He championed public works projects, including the completion of the Ganga Canal.

Grand Trunk Road: He pushed for the completion of the Grand Trunk Road and its extension into Punjab. 

Prepareed by 

PM Shri GSSS School Khanauri Girls Sangrur Punjab