The Making of the Earth

Prepared by Daya Krishan

Chapter:-  7  The Making of the Earth

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Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.

What are planets ?

Answer:

A body that goes round a star is called a planet. For example, the sun is a star and the earth goes round it. Thus the earth is a planet of the sun.

वह पिण्ड जो किसी तारे के इर्द गिर्द चक्र लगाता है, उसे ग्रह कहा जाता है। उदाहरण के लिए, सूर्य एक तारा है और पृथ्वी उसके गिर्द चक्र लगाती है। इस प्रकार पृथ्वी सूर्य का एक ग्रह है।

Question 2.

Define the solar system.

Answer:

The solar system means the family of the sun. It includes the sun, its planets and the satellites of these planets.

सौर-मण्डल का अर्थ है, सूर्य का परिवार। इसमें सूर्य, उसके ग्रह और इन ग्रहों के उपग्रह शामिल हैं।

Question 3.

How can you distinguish ( ਅੰਤਰ )between planets and stars?

Answer:

Stars twinkle while planets don’t. This is the real way to distinguish between planets and stars.

तारे टिमटिमाते हैं जबकि ग्रह टिमटिमाते नहीं हैं। ग्रहों और तारों के मध्य भेद जानने का यही वास्तविक तरीका है।

Question 4.

Why do the stars twinkle ?

Answer:

The stars, like the sun, are balls of fire. As their rays pass through the different layers of the atmosphere, they seem to be twinkling.

सूर्य की तरह तारे आग के गोले हैं। जब उनकी किरणें वायुमंडल की विभिन्न परतों में से गुज़रती हैं तो वे टिमटिमाते हुए प्रतीत होते हैं।

Question 5.

How was the earth formed ?

Answer:

The earth shot out from the sun. In the beginning, it was very hot. It took millions of years to cool down.

धरती छिटक कर सूर्य से अलग हो गई। शुरू में यह बहुत गर्म थी। इसे ठण्डा होने में लाखों वर्ष लग गए।

Question 6.

How were oceans and seas formed ?

Answer:

To begin with, the earth was very hot. When it cooled, all the water vapour in the air condensed into water. It came down as rain. It rained heavily. All the hollows of the earth were filled. Thus oceans and seas were formed.

आरम्भ में धरती बहुत गर्म थी। जब यह ठण्डी हो गई तो हवा में मौजूद सब जल-वाष्प कण पानी में बदल गए। यह वर्षा के रूप में नीचे आ गिरे। भारी वर्षा हुई। धरती के सभी गड्डे भर गए। इस प्रकार महासागर और सागर बन गए।

Question 7.

Why does the moon look bigger than the stars ?

Answer:

The moon looks bigger than the stars because it is quite near to the earth.

चाँद तारों से बड़ा दिखाई देता है क्योंकि यह धरती के बहुत निकट है।

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.

What are planets ? Define the solar system.

Answer:

A body that goes round a star is called a planet. For example, the sun is a star and the earth goes round it. Thus the earth is a planet of the sun. The solar system means the family of the sun. It includes the sun, its planets and the satellites of these planets.

वह पिण्ड जो किसी तारे के गिर्द चक्र लगाता है, उसे ग्रह कहा जाता है। उदाहरण के लिए, सूर्य एक तारा है और पृथ्वी उसके गिर्द चक्र लगाती है। इस प्रकार पृथ्वी सूर्य का एक ग्रह है। सौर-मण्डल का अर्थ है, सूर्य का परिवार। इसमें सूर्य, उसके ग्रह और इन ग्रहों के उपग्रह शामिल हैं।

Question 2.

Write a short note on the making of the earth.

Answer:

Long, long ago, the earth and the other planets were part of the sun. Somehow, little bits of the sun shot away from it. One of these bits was our earth. To begin with, it was as hot as the sun. But very slowly, it started to cool. And then life began to appear on it.

बहुत लंबे समय पहले, धरती और अन्य ग्रह सूर्य का भाग होते थे। किसी तरह सूर्य के कुछ छोटेछोटे कण छिटक कर इससे अलग हो गए। इनमें से एक टुकड़ा हमारी धरती था। शुरू में यह सूर्य के समान ही गर्म थी। परन्तु बहुत धीरे-धीरे यह ठण्डी होनी शुरू हो गई। और फिर इस पर जीवन प्रकट होने लगा।

Question 3.

Write a few words on the happy family of the sun.

Answer:

The sun has its planets and the planets have their satellites. All these form a happy family. They are called the solar system. Solar means belonging to the sun. The sun is the father of all the planets. Therefore, the whole group is called the Solar System.

सूर्य के अपने ग्रह हैं और ग्रहों के अपने-अपने उपग्रह हैं। वे सभी एक खुशहाल परिवार बनाते हैं। इन्हें सौर-मण्डल कहा जाता है। सौर का अर्थ है, सूर्य से सम्बन्धित । सूर्य सभी ग्रहों का पिता है। इसलिए पूरे समूह को सौर-मण्डल कहा जाता है।

Vocabulary and Grammar

Question 1.

Moon is the satellite of ……………

(i) universe

(ii) oceans

(iii) Mars

(iv) Earth.

Answer:

(iv) Earth.

Question 2.

From where do the planets get light ?

Answer:

From the sun.

Question 3.

The planets twinkle at night. (True/False)

Answer:

False

Question 4.

All the hollows of the earth were filled with ……………… when it rained heavily.

(i) dust

(ii) snow

(iii) water

(iv) light.

Answer:

(iii) water

Question 5.

How many years did the Earth take to cool down?

(i) Thousand

(ii) Millions

(iii) Hundred

(iv) None of these

Answer:

(iv) None of these

Question 6.

Planets have natural satellites. (True/False)

Answer:

True

Answer each of the following in one word / phrase / sentence :

Question 1.

Name the author of the chapter.

Answer:

Jawahar Lal Nehru.

Question 2.

What does the earth go round ?

Answer:

The sun.

Question 3.

What constitues the solar system ?

Answer:

The sun, its planets and the satellites of the planets.

Question 4.

Is the sun a planet?

Answer:

No, it is a star.

Question 5.

Why is moon called a satellite of the earth?

Answer:

Because it revolves round the earth.

Question 6.

How do the stars shine?

Answer:

They shine of themselves.

Question 7.

How is the inside of the earth ?

Answer:

It is extremely hot.

Question 8.

Why did the moon cool earlier than the earth ?

Answer:

Because it was much smaller in size.

Question 9.

How were the oceans and seas formed?

Answer:

They were formed after the heavy rain when all the water on the earth condensed.

Question 10.

How do we feel when we go down a coal mine?

Answer:

It becomes hotter and hotter as we go deeper into the mine.

Complete the following :

1. The earth goes round ……………

2. The moon is called a ………. of the earth.

3. ………………. is termed the father of the family called ‘solar system’.

4. The sun is actually a ……

5. The sun is much ……………… than the earth or the moon.

6. Moon shines due to ……………… light falling on it.

Answer:

1. the sun

2. satellite

3. The sun.

4. star

5. bigger

6. the sun’s.

Write True or False against each statement :

1. The sun is the nearest star to the inhabitants of the earth.

2. The moon is also a star.

3. The solar system was formed only a few hundred years ago.

4. The other stars revolve round the sun.

5. The sun is heavier than the earth.

6. Stars twinkle because they are very far away.

Answer:

1. True

2. False

3. False

4. False

5. True

6. False.

Choose the correct option for each of the following :

Question 1.

The earth goes round …………..

(a) the sun

(b) the moon

(c) the satellites

(d) the stars.

Answer:

(a) the sun

Question 2.

The solar system includes ………….

(a) the sun

(b) its planets

(c) the satellites of the planets.

(d) all the above.

Answer:

(d) all the above.

Question 3.

The inside of the earth is ……….

(a) hotter than moon

(b) very cool

(c) full of water

(d) still extremely hot.

Answer:

(d) still extremely hot.

Question 4.

The earth took …….. to turn into solid form.

(a) a lot of time

(b) millions of years

(c) hundreds of years

(d) about 1000 years.

Answer:

(b) millions of years

Objective Type Questions

Question 1.

Fill in the blanks with the given prepositions, making appropriate phrasal verbs :

Answer:

(a) on

(b) off

(c) out

(d) into

(e) down.

Answer:

Question 2.

Fill in the blanks, selecting suitable words from the given list :

Answer:

Everything exists in space. But what exactly is space is something beyond human imagination and comprehension. It is also beyond mathematical calculation. We do not know for sure how far space extends. It does not have a beginning. And it does not have an end. It was earlier believed that the earth was the centre of the universe and that all heavenly bodies, including the sun, revolved around it. With the advancement of science and technology, it was known that the sun was the centre of the solar system and that the entire solar system occupies just a tiny fraction of space in the entire universe.